I-BDO, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-1,4-butanediol, iyinto ebalulekile eyisisekelo yezinto eziphilayo nezinhle zamakhemikhali. I-BDO ingalungiswa ngendlela ye-acetylene aldehyde, indlela ye-maleic anhydride, indlela ye-propylene alcohol, kanye nendlela ye-butadiene. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde iyindlela eyinhloko yezimboni yokulungiselela i-BDO ngenxa yezindleko zayo kanye nezinzuzo zenqubo. I-Acetylene ne-formaldehyde kuqala zihlanganiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-1,4-butynediol (BYD), efakwa i-hydrogenated ukuze kutholakale i-BDO.
Ngaphansi kokucindezela okuphezulu (13.8~27.6 MPa) kanye nezimo ezingama-250~350 ℃, i-acetylene isabela ne-formaldehyde lapho kukhona i-catalyst (ngokuvamile i-cuprous acetylene kanye ne-bismuth ekusekelweni kwe-silica), bese kuthi i-intermediate 1,4-butynediol ifakwe i-hydrogenated ibe yi-BDO kusetshenziswa i-Raney nickel catalyst. Isici sendlela yakudala ukuthi i-catalyst nomkhiqizo akudingeki kuhlukaniswe, futhi izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi. Kodwa-ke, i-acetylene inokucindezela okuyingxenye okuphezulu kanye nengozi yokuqhuma. Isici sokuphepha somklamo we-reactor siphezulu izikhathi eziyi-12-20, futhi imishini inkulu futhi ibiza kakhulu, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali okuphezulu; i-Acetylene izoyi-polymer ukuze ikhiqize i-polyacetylene, evala i-catalyst futhi ivimbe ipayipi, okuholela ekuncishisweni komjikelezo wokukhiqiza kanye nokuncipha komkhiqizo.
Ngenxa yokushiyeka kanye nokushiyeka kwezindlela zendabuko, imishini yokusabela kanye nama-catalyst esistimu yokusabela alungiselelwe ukunciphisa ingcindezi engaphelele ye-acetylene ohlelweni lokusabela. Le ndlela isetshenziswe kabanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwenziwa kwe-BYD kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umbhede wodaka noma umbhede olengayo. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde i-BYD hydrogenation ikhiqiza i-BDO, futhi njengamanje izinqubo ze-ISP kanye ne-INVISTA yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina.
① Ukwenziwa kwe-butynediol kusuka ku-acetylene kanye ne-formaldehyde kusetshenziswa i-catalyst yethusi carbonate
Uma isetshenziswa engxenyeni yamakhemikhali e-acetylene yenqubo ye-BDO ku-INVIDIA, i-formaldehyde isabela ne-acetylene ukuze ikhiqize i-1,4-butynediol ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst yethusi carbonate. Izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingu-83-94 ℃, kanti ingcindezi ingu-25-40 kPa. I-catalyst inokubukeka kwempuphu eluhlaza.
② I-Catalyst yokwandisa i-butynediol ibe yi-BDO
Ingxenye ye-hydrogenation yale nqubo iqukethe ama-reactor amabili aqinile anengcindezi ephezulu axhunywe ochungechungeni, kanti ama-99% e-hydrogenation reaction aqediwe ku-reactor yokuqala. Ama-catalyst e-hydrogenation okuqala nawesibili angama-alloy e-aluminium asebenzayo e-nickel.
Umbhede oqinile i-Renee nickel iyibhulokhi ye-aluminium alloy ye-nickel enobukhulu bezinhlayiya obusukela ku-2-10mm, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle nokuguguleka, indawo enkulu ethile, ukuzinza okungcono kwe-catalyst, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo.
Izinhlayiya ze-Raney nickel ezingasebenzi zimhlophe okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ngemva kokuhlushwa okuthile kwe-alkali leaching ewuketshezi, ziba izinhlayiya ezimnyama noma ezimpunga ezimnyama, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-reaktor e-bed eyisisekelo.
① Isikhuthazi esisekelwa yithusi sokwenziwa kwe-butynediol kusuka ku-acetylene kanye ne-formaldehyde
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst yethusi esekelwayo, i-formaldehyde isabela ne-acetylene ukuze ikhiqize i-1,4-butynediol, ekushiseni kokusabela okungu-92-100 ℃ kanye nokucindezela okungu-85-106 kPa. I-catalyst ibonakala njengempuphu emnyama.
② I-Catalyst yokwandisa i-butynediol ibe yi-BDO
Inqubo ye-ISP isebenzisa izigaba ezimbili ze-hydrogenation. Isigaba sokuqala ukusebenzisa i-nickel aluminium alloy eyimpuphu njenge-catalyst, kanti i-hydrogenation enengcindezi ephansi iguqula i-BYD ibe yi-BED kanye ne-BDO. Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa, isigaba sesibili yi-hydrogenation enengcindezi ephezulu kusetshenziswa i-nickel elayishiwe njenge-catalyst ukuguqula i-BED ibe yi-BDO.
I-catalyst eyinhloko ye-hydrogenation: i-catalyst ye-Raney nickel eyimpuphu
I-catalyst eyinhloko ye-hydrogenation: I-catalyst ye-nickel ye-Powder Raney. Le catalyst isetshenziswa kakhulu esigabeni se-hydrogenation esinomfutho ophansi wenqubo ye-ISP, ukulungiselela imikhiqizo ye-BDO. Inezici zomsebenzi ophezulu, ukukhetha okuhle, izinga lokuguqulwa, kanye nesivinini sokuxazulula ngokushesha. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-nickel, i-aluminium, kanye ne-molybdenum.
I-catalyst eyinhloko ye-hydrogenation: i-powder nickel alloy aluminium alloy hydrogenation catalyst
I-catalyst idinga umsebenzi ophezulu, amandla aphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwe-1,4-butynediol, kanye nemikhiqizo embalwa engaphansi.
Isikhuthazi sesibili se-hydrogenation
Kuyisikhuthazi esisekelwayo esine-alumina njengesithwali kanye ne-nickel nethusi njengezingxenye ezisebenzayo. Isimo esinciphile sigcinwa emanzini. Isikhuthazi sinamandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kokungqubuzana, ukuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi kulula ukusisebenzisa. Izinhlayiya ezimnyama ezimise okwe-clover zibukeka.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa Kwama-Catalyst
Isetshenziselwa i-BYD ukukhiqiza i-BDO nge-catalyst hydrogenation, esetshenziswa kuyunithi ye-BDO engamathani ayi-100000. Amasethi amabili e-fixed bed reactors asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, enye yi-JHG-20308, kanti enye iyi-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukuhlolwa: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempuphu ecolekileyo, kwatholakala ukuthi i-JHG-20308 fixed bed catalyst ikhiqize i-puphu ecolekileyo encane kune-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukwenza kusebenze: Isiphetho Sokwenza kusebenze i-Catalyst: Izimo zokusebenza zama-catalyst amabili ziyafana. Kusukela kudatha, izinga lokususa, umehluko wokushisa kokungena kanye nokwe-outlet, kanye nokukhululwa kokushisa kokusabela kokusebenza kwe-alloy esigabeni ngasinye sokusebenza kuyafana kakhulu.
Izinga Lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa lokusabela kwe-catalyst ye-JHG-20308 alihlukile kakhulu kwele-catalyst engenisiwe, kodwa ngokusho kwamaphuzu okulinganisa izinga lokushisa, i-catalyst ye-JHG-20308 inomsebenzi ongcono kune-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukungcola: Kusukela kudatha yokuthola isixazululo se-BDO esingavuthiwe esigabeni sokuqala sokusabela, i-JHG-20308 inokungcola okuncane kancane kumkhiqizo oqediwe uma kuqhathaniswa nama-catalyst angenisiwe, okubonakala kakhulu kokuqukethwe kwe-n-butanol kanye ne-HBA.
Sekukonke, ukusebenza kwe-catalyst ye-JHG-20308 kuzinzile, ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo ecacile ephezulu, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana noma kungcono kakhulu kunokwe-catalysts ezingenisiwe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-fixed bed nickel aluminium catalyst
(1) Ukuncibilikisa: Ingxube ye-aluminium ye-nickel iyancibilikiswa ekushiseni okuphezulu bese ifakwa esimweni sayo.
(2) Ukuchoboza: Amabhulokhi e-alloy achotshozwa abe yizinhlayiya ezincane ngemishini yokuchoboza.
(3) Ukuhlola: Ukuhlola izinhlayiya ezinobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezifanelekile.
(4) Ukuqalisa: Lawula ukuhlushwa okuthile kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwe-alkali ewuketshezi ukuze kusebenze izinhlayiya embhoshongweni wokusabela.
(5) Izinkomba zokuhlola: okuqukethwe kwensimbi, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, amandla okuchoboza okucindezelayo, ubuningi obukhulu, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-11-2023
