I-BDO, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-1,4-butanediol, iyisisekelo esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo kanye nempahla eluhlaza yamakhemikhali. I-BDO ingalungiswa ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde, indlela ye-maleic anhydride, indlela ye-propylene alcohol, kanye nendlela ye-butadiene. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde iyindlela eyinhloko yezimboni yokulungiselela i-BDO ngenxa yezindleko zayo kanye nezinzuzo zenqubo. I-acetylene ne-formaldehyde ziqala ukufingqa ukuze zikhiqize i-1,4-butynediol (BYD), ephinde ifakwe i-hydrogenated ukuze kutholwe i-BDO.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu (13.8 ~ 27.6 MPa) kanye nezimo ezingama-250 ~ 350 ℃, i-acetylene iphendula nge-formaldehyde lapho kukhona i-catalyst (imvamisa i-cuprous acetylene ne-bismuth ekusekelweni kwe-silica), bese i-1,4-butynediol emaphakathi i-hydrogenated. ku-BDO usebenzisa i-Raney nickel catalyst. Isici sendlela ye-classical yukuthi i-catalyst nomkhiqizo awudingi ukuhlukaniswa, futhi izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi. Kodwa-ke, i-acetylene inokucindezela okuphezulu okuyingxenye kanye nengozi yokuqhuma. Isici sokuphepha somklamo we-reactor siphezulu izikhathi ezingu-12-20, futhi okokusebenza kukhulu futhi kuyabiza, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali okuphezulu; I-acetylene izokwenziwa i-polymerize ukuze ikhiqize i-polyacetylene, eyenza kungasebenzi i-catalyst futhi ivimbe ipayipi, okuholela ekunciphiseni komjikelezo wokukhiqiza kanye nokuncipha kokukhiphayo.
Ekuphenduleni ukushiyeka kanye nokushiyeka kwezindlela zendabuko, imishini yokusabela kanye ne-catalysts yesistimu yokusabela yathuthukiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezela okuyingxenye kwe-acetylene ohlelweni lokuphendula. Le ndlela isetshenziswe kabanzi kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BYD kwenziwa kusetshenziswa umbhede we-sludge noma umbhede omisiwe. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde ye-BYD hydrogenation ikhiqiza i-BDO, futhi okwamanje izinqubo ze-ISP ne-INVISTA yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina.
① Ukwenziwa kwe-butynediol kusuka ku-acetylene ne-formaldehyde kusetshenziswa i-copper carbonate catalyst
Isetshenziswa esigabeni samakhemikhali e-acetylene senqubo ye-BDO ku-INVIDIA, i-formaldehyde ihlangana ne-acetylene ukukhiqiza i-1,4-butynediol ngaphansi kwesenzo se-copper carbonate catalyst. Izinga lokushisa lokusabela lingu-83-94 ℃, futhi ingcindezi ingu-25-40 kPa. I-catalyst inokubukeka kwempushana eluhlaza.
② I-Catalyst ye-hydrogenation ye-butynediol ku-BDO
Ingxenye ye-hydrogenation yenqubo iqukethe ama-reactor amabili ombhede agxilile okucindezela okuphezulu axhunywe ochungechungeni, ne-99% ye-hydrogenation reactions eqediwe ku-reactor yokuqala. I-catalysts yokuqala neyesibili ye-hydrogenation ama-alloys e-nickel aluminium acushiwe.
I-fixed bed Renee nickel iyibhulokhi ye-nickel aluminium alloy enosayizi bezinhlayiyana kusukela ku-2-10mm, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, indawo enkulu ethize, ukuzinza okungcono kwe-catalyst, nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi.
Izinhlayiya ze-Raney nickel zombhede ongasebenzanga zimhlophe ngokumpunga, futhi ngemva kokuhlangana okuthile koketshezi lwe-alkali leaching, ziba izinhlayiya ezimnyama noma ezimnyama ezimpunga, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-reactor ombhede ongashintshi.
① I-Copper esekelwe i-catalyst yokuhlanganiswa kwe-butynediol kusuka ku-acetylene ne-formaldehyde
Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-copper bismuth catalyst esekelwe, i-formaldehyde ihlangana ne-acetylene ukuze ikhiqize i-1,4-butynediol, ezingeni lokushisa lokusabela elingu-92-100 ℃ kanye nengcindezi engu-85-106 kPa. I-catalyst ibonakala njengempushana emnyama.
② I-Catalyst ye-hydrogenation ye-butynediol ku-BDO
Inqubo ye-ISP yamukela izigaba ezimbili ze-hydrogenation. Isigaba sokuqala sisebenzisa ingxube ye-nickel aluminium eyimpuphu njenge-catalyst, futhi i-low-pressure hydrogenation iguqula i-BYD ibe yi-BED ne-BDO. Ngemuva kokuhlukana, isigaba sesibili i-high-pressure hydrogenation kusetshenziswa i-nickel elayishiwe njengesisusa sokuguqula i-BED ibe yi-BDO.
I-hydrogenation catalyst eyinhloko: i-Raney nickel catalyst eyimpuphu
I-hydrogenation catalyst eyinhloko: I-Powder Raney nickel catalyst. Le catalyst isetshenziswa kakhulu esigabeni se-low-pressure hydrogenation senqubo ye-ISP, ukulungiselela imikhiqizo ye-BDO. Inezici zomsebenzi ophezulu, ukukhetha okuhle, izinga lokuguqulwa, nesivinini sokuxazulula ngokushesha. Izingxenye eziyinhloko yi-nickel, i-aluminium, ne-molybdenum.
I-hydrogenation catalyst eyinhloko: i-powder nickel aluminium alloy hydrogenation catalyst
I-catalyst idinga umsebenzi ophezulu, amandla aphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwe-1,4-butynediol, kanye nemikhiqizo embalwa.
I-hydrogenation catalyst yesibili
Kuyi-catalyst esekelwayo ene-alumina njengesithwali kanye ne-nickel nethusi njengezingxenye ezisebenzayo. Isimo esincishisiwe sigcinwa emanzini. I-catalyst inamandla amakhulu emishini, ukulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana okuphansi, ukuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi kulula ukuyivula. Izinhlayiya ezimise okwe-clover emnyama ngokubukeka.
Amacala okusebenza we-Catalysts
Isetshenziselwa i-BYD ukukhiqiza i-BDO nge-catalyst hydrogenation, isetshenziswa kuyunithi ye-BDO engamathani angu-100000. Amasethi amabili wama-reactor emibhede engashintshi asebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, eyodwa i-JHG-20308, kanti enye i-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukuhlola: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwempushana ecolekile, kwatholakala ukuthi i-JHG-20308 fixed bed catalyst ikhiqize impushana ecolekile encane kune-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukuqalisa: I-Catalyst Activation Isiphetho: Izimo zokuvula ama-catalyst amabili ziyefana. Kusuka kudatha, izinga le-dealumination, umehluko wezinga lokushisa le-inlet ne-outlet, kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa kokusabela kokusebenza kwe-alloy esigabeni ngasinye sokwenza kusebenze kuyahambisana kakhulu.
Izinga lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa elisabelayo le-JHG-20308 catalyst alihlukile kakhulu kulelo le-catalyst engenisiwe, kodwa ngokwamaphuzu okulinganisa izinga lokushisa, i-JHG-20308 catalyst inomsebenzi ongcono kune-catalyst engenisiwe.
Ukungcola: Kusukela kudatha yokutholwa kwesisombululo esingahluziwe se-BDO esigabeni sokuqala sokusabela, i-JHG-20308 inokungcola okuncane kancane emkhiqizweni oqediwe uma kuqhathaniswa nama-catalyst angenisiwe, abonakala ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe yi-n-butanol ne-HBA.
Sekukonke, ukusebenza kwe-JHG-20308 catalyst kuzinzile, akukho mikhiqizo ephezulu esobala, futhi ukusebenza kwayo ngokuyisisekelo kuyafana noma kungcono nakakhulu kunalokho kwama-catalysts angenisiwe.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-fixed bed nickel aluminium catalyst
(1) Ukuncibilika: Ingxubevange ye-aluminiyamu ye-nickel iyancibilika ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu bese ibunjwa.
(2) Ukuchotshozwa: Amabhulokhi e-alloy achotshozwa abe yizinhlayiya ezincane ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuchoboza.
(3) Ukuhlola: Ukuhlola izinhlayiya ezinosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanelekayo.
(4) Ukuqalisa: Lawula ukuhlushwa okuthile kanye nezinga lokugeleza kwe-alkali ewuketshezi ukuze wenze kusebenze izinhlayiya ezikumbhoshongo wokusabela.
(5) Izinkomba zokuhlola: okuqukethwe kwensimbi, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, amandla okuchoboza acindezelayo, ukuminyana ngobuningi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-11-2023
